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Infertility: Causes, Testing and Treatment

Infertility is defined as the failure to get pregnant after 12 or more months of unprotected sex

  • Primary infertility: Infertility without any previous pregnancy
  • Secondary infertility: Fertility problems occurring in a couple that has conceived on their own and have had a child in the past
  • Sterility: Physiological inability to effect sexual reproduction. It differs from infertility wherein the potential for sexual reproduction is reduced.


When do I visit a fertility specialist?
  • After trying to conceive for a period of 12 months without successful outcomes
    - 6 months, if female partner is above the age of 35 years
    - 3 to 4 months if female partner is above the age of 40 years
  • If the female partner has a known history of health issues such as irregular menstrual cycles, endometriosis, previous tubal pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), etc.
Fertility advice

A common misconception about getting pregnant is that couples need to engage in intercourse on a daily basis. Though having sex on a daily basis does not reduce one’s fertility, the highest chances of getting pregnant occur when sex is performed around the time of ovulation.

Ovulation occurs between the 14th – 16th day of the female menstrual cycle. The egg released during this period has a life of about 12 – 24 hours. The male sperm, once deposited in the uterus, remains active for a period of 2 – 5 days.
Common causes of infertility

What causes infertility? The most common causes are:

  • Ovulation problems
  • Tubal infertility
  • Quality of male sperm
  • Age related issues
  • Quality of female egg
  • Uterine problems



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